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在 RHEL3 上将单一实例数据库转换为 RAC (002)

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第 1 步：准备安装

1a.检验软件程序包版本。

安装所需的程序包。 

[root@salmon1]# rpm -qa | grep -i compat
compat-libstdc++-7.3-2.96.128
compat-gcc-c++-7.3-2.96.128
compat-libstdc++-devel-7.3-2.96.128
compat-db-4.0.14-5
compat-glibc-7.x-2.2.4.32.6
compat-slang-1.4.5-5
compat-gcc-7.3-2.96.128
compat-pwdb-0.62-3
[root@salmon1]# 
[root@salmon1]# rpm -qa | grep openmotif
openmotif-2.2.3-3.RHEL3
[root@salmon1]# 
[root@salmon1]# rpm -qa | grep -i gcc
gcc-gnat-3.2.3-42
gcc-c++-ssa-3.5ssa-0.20030801.48
compat-gcc-c++-7.3-2.96.128
libgcc-ssa-3.5ssa-0.20030801.48
gcc-3.2.3-42
gcc-g77-3.2.3-42
gcc-java-3.2.3-42
gcc-ssa-3.5ssa-0.20030801.48
gcc-g77-ssa-3.5ssa-0.20030801.48
gcc-objc-ssa-3.5ssa-0.20030801.48
libgcc-3.2.3-42
gcc-c++-3.2.3-42
gcc-objc-3.2.3-42
gcc-java-ssa-3.5ssa-0.20030801.48
compat-gcc-7.3-2.96.128

1b.检验内核参数。

检验以下内核参数。

[root@salmon1]# sysctl -a | grep shm
kernel.shmmni = 4096
kernel.shmall = 2097152
kernel.shmmax = 2147483648
[root@salmon1]# sysctl -a | grep sem
kernel.sem = 250 32000 100 128
[root@salmon1]# sysctl -a | grep -i ip_local
net.ipv4.ip_local_port_range = 1024 65000
[root@salmon1]# sysctl -a | grep -i file-max
fs.file-max = 65536

1c.创建 Oracle Base 目录、oracle 用户和组。

在第一个节点上使用下面的信息，在第二个节点上创建 oracle 用户以及 oinstall 和 dba 组。 

[oracle@salmon1]$ hostname
salmon1.dbsconsult.com
[oracle@salmon1]$ 
[oracle@salmon1]$ id
uid=500(oracle) gid=500(dba) groups=500(dba),501(oinstall)
[oracle@salmon1]$ 
[oracle@salmon1]$ echo $ORACLE_BASE
/u01/app/oracle
1d.编辑 oracle 用户环境文件。 
[oracle@salmon1]$ more .bash_profile
# .bash_profile

# Get the aliases and functions
if [ -f ~/.bashrc ]; then
. ~/.bashrc
fi

export PATH=$PATH:$HOME/bin
export ORACLE_SID=prod1
export ORACLE_BASE=/u01/app/oracle
export ORACLE_HOME=$ORACLE_BASE/product/10.1.0
export LD_LIBRARY_PATH=$ORACLE_HOME/lib
export PATH=$ORACLE_HOME/bin:$PATH
umask 022
1e.配置 oracle 用户 shell 限制。 
[root@salmon1]# more /etc/security/limits.conf
*                soft    nproc           2047
*                hard   nproc           16384
*                soft    nofile           1024
*                hard   nofile           65536
[root@salmon1]# grep pam_limits /etc/pam.d/login
session    required     /lib/security/pam_limits.so
1f.配置公共网络和专用网络。

使用下面的信息对网络接口设备 eth0（公共）和 eth1（专用）进行必需的更改。 

[root@salmon1]# redhat-config-network
主机名
IP 地址
类型
salmon1.dbsconsult.com192.168.0.184公共 (eth0)
salmon2.dbsconsult.com192.168.0.185公共 (eth0)
salmon1.dbsconsult.com10.10.10.84专用 (eth1)
salmon2.dbsconsult.com10.10.10.85专用 (eth1)
salmon1-vip.dbsconsult.com192.168.0.186虚拟
salmon2-vip.dbsconsult.com192.168.0.187虚拟

1g.编辑 the /etc/hosts 文件。 

127.0.0.1        localhost.localdomain   localhost
10.10.10.84     sallocal1.dbsconsult.com         sallocal1
10.10.10.85     sallocal2.dbsconsult.com         sallocal2
192.168.0.184   salmon1.dbsconsult.com           salmon1
192.168.0.185   salmon2.dbsconsult.com           salmon2
192.168.0.186   salmon1-vip.dbsconsult.com       salmon1-vip
192.168.0.187   salmon2-vip.dbsconsult.com       salmon2-vip
验证主机名和配置的网络接口设备。 
[root@salmon1]# hostname
salmon1.dbsconsult.com
[root@salmon1]# /sbin/ifconfig

1h.使用 SSH 建立用户等效性。

在集群就绪服务 (CRS) 和 RAC 安装过程中，Oracle Universal Installer (OUI) 必须能够以 oracle 的身份将软件复制到所有 RAC 节点，而不提示输入口令。在 Oracle 10g 中，可以使用 ssh 代替 rsh 完成此操作。

要建立用户等效性，请在两个节点上以 oracle 用户的身份生成用户的公钥和私钥。 

[oracle@salmon1]$ ssh-keygen -t dsa
Generating public/private dsa key pair.
Enter file in which to save the key (/home/oracle/.ssh/id_dsa):
Created directory '/home/oracle/.ssh'.
Enter passphrase (empty for no passphrase):
Enter same passphrase again:
Your identification has been saved in /home/oracle/.ssh/id_dsa.
Your public key has been saved in /home/oracle/.ssh/id_dsa.pub.
The key fingerprint is:
5d:8c:42:97:eb:42:ae:52:52:e9:59:20:2a:d3:6f:59 oracle@salmon1.dbsconsult.com
在每个节点上测试连接。验证当您再次运行以下命令时，系统是否不提示您输入口令。 
ssh salmon1 date
ssh salmon2 date 
ssh sallocal1 date
ssh sallocal2 date
ssh salmon1.dbsconsult.com date
ssh salmon2.dbsconsult.com date
ssh sallocal1.dbsconsult.com date
ssh sallocal2.dbsconsult.com date
1i.配置 hangcheck timer 内核模块。

hangcheck timer 内核模块监控系统的运行情况，并重新启动出现故障的 RAC 节点。它使用两个参数，即 hangcheck_tick（定义系统检查频率）和 hangcheck_margin（定义在重置 RAC 节点前的最大挂起延时）来确定节点是否出现故障。

在 /etc/rc.d/rc.local 中添加以下行以自动加载 hangcheck 模块。 

[root@salmon1]# grep insmod /etc/rc.d/rc.local 
insmod hangcheck-timer hangcheck_tick=30 hangcheck_margin=180
1j.重新创建数据库控制文件。

在转换到 RAC 之前，确保在控制文件中正确调整以下项的大小。如果需要，请使用正确的设置重新创建数据库控制文件。 

MAXLOGFILES
MAXLOGMEMBERS
MAXDATAFILES
MAXINSTANCES
MAXLOGHISTORY
1k.调整数据库缓冲区高速缓存。

从单一实例数据库转换到 RAC 时，数据库缓冲区高速缓存需要额外的内存。在 RAC 中，为每个块缓冲区高速缓存中的全局高速缓存服务 (GCS) 分配空间。所需的额外内存量取决于应用程序访问数据的方式，即同一个块是否高速缓存到多个实例中。

在演示实验中，我观察到缓冲区高速缓存的使用率增加了大约 8%。使用缓冲区高速缓存顾问确定最佳的缓冲区高速缓存大小，或切换到 Oracle 自动共享内存管理 (ASMM) 让 Oracle 进行控制。

第 2 步：将数据库移植到 ASM

ASM 实例与数据库实例之间的同步需要 Oracle 集群同步服务 (CSS) 后台程序。要启动 ASM 实例，必须启动 CSS 后台程序。安装或升级到 Oracle 数据库 10g 时，应该已经为单节点版本配置了 CSS，并且 CSS 应在系统重新启动时自动启动。 

 
[root@salmon1]# ps a�“ef | grep ocssd.bin | wc a�“l 
      17
2a.下载 ASM RPM.

从 OTN 下载以下 ASM RPM：

  • oracleasm-support-2.0.0-1.i386.rpm
  • oracleasm-2.4.21-27.EL-1.0.4-2.i686.rpm（UP 内核的驱动程序）或 oracleasm-2.4.21-27.ELsmp-1.0.4-1.i686.rpm（SMP 内核的驱动程序）
  • oracleasmlib-2.0.0-1.i386.rpm

2b.安装 ASM RPM。

以 root 用户的身份安装 ASM RPM。 

[root@salmon1]# rpm -i oracleasm-support-2.0.0-1.i386.rpm
[root@salmon1]# rpm -i oracleasm-2.4.21-27.EL-1.0.4-2.i686.rpm
Linking module oracleasm.o into the module path [  OK  ]
[root@salmon1]# rpm -i oracleasmlib-2.0.0-1.i386.rpm
[root@salmon1]# rpm -qa | grep oracleasm
oracleasm-2.4.21-27.EL-1.0.4-2
oracleasm-support-2.0.0-1
oracleasmlib-2.0.0-1
2c.配置 ASM。

以 root 用户的身份配置 ASMLib。 

[root@salmon1]# /etc/init.d/oracleasm configure
Configuring the Oracle ASM library driver.

This will configure the on-boot properties of the Oracle ASM library
driver.The following questions will determine whether the driver is
loaded on boot and what permissions it will have.The current values
will be shown in brackets ('[]').Hitting  without typing an
answer will keep that current value.Ctrl-C will abort.

Default user to own the driver interface []:oracle
Default group to own the driver interface []:dba
Start Oracle ASM library driver on boot (y/n) [n]:y
Fix permissions of Oracle ASM disks on boot (y/n) [y]:y
Writing Oracle ASM library driver configuration            [  OK  ]
Creating /dev/oracleasm mount point                        [  OK  ]
Loading module "oracleasm"                                 [  OK  ]
Mounting ASMlib driver filesystem                          [  OK  ]
Scanning system for ASM disks
2d.创建 ASM 磁盘。

以 root 用户的身份在任何一个节点上创建 ASM 磁盘。 

[root@salmon1]# /etc/init.d/oracleasm createdisk VOL1 /dev/sdg5
Marking disk "/dev/sdg5" as an ASM disk                      [  OK  ]
[root@salmon1]# /etc/init.d/oracleasm createdisk VOL2 /dev/sdg6
Marking disk "/dev/sdg6" as an ASM disk                      [  OK  ]
[root@salmon1]# /etc/init.d/oracleasm createdisk VOL3 /dev/sdg7
Marking disk "/dev/sdg7" as an ASM disk                      [  OK  ]
[root@salmon1]# /etc/init.d/oracleasm createdisk VOL4 /dev/sdg8
Marking disk "/dev/sdg8" as an ASM disk                      [  OK  ]
[root@salmon1]# /etc/init.d/oracleasm createdisk VOL5/dev/sdg9
Marking disk "/dev/sdg9" as an ASM disk                      [  OK  ]
[root@salmon1]# /etc/init.d/oracleasm createdisk VOL6 /dev/sdg10
Marking disk "/dev/sdg10" as an ASM disk                    [  OK  ]
[root@salmon1]# /etc/init.d/oracleasm createdisk VOL7 /dev/sdg11
Marking disk "/dev/sdg11" as an ASM disk                    [  OK  ]
[root@salmon1]# /etc/init.d/oracleasm createdisk VOL8 /dev/sdg12
Marking disk "/dev/sdg12" as an ASM disk                    [  OK  ]
[root@salmon1]# /etc/init.d/oracleasm createdisk VOL9 /dev/sdg13
Marking disk "/dev/sdg13" as an ASM disk                    [  OK  ]
[root@salmon1]# /etc/init.d/oracleasm createdisk VOL10 /dev/sdg14
Marking disk "/dev/sdg14" as an ASM disk                    [  OK  ]
验证能否从每个节点看到 ASM 磁盘。 
[root@salmon1]# /etc/init.d/oracleasm listdisks
VOL1
VOL2
VOL3
VOL4
VOL5
VOL6
VOL7
VOL8
VOL9
VOL10
[root@salmon1]# /etc/init.d/oracleasm scandisks
Scanning system for ASM disks                              [  OK  ]
2e.创建 ASM init.ora。

在第一个节点上，使用以下参数在 $ORACLE_HOME/dbs 中创建一个 init+ASM1A.ora 文件： 

#asm_diskgroups='DG1', a�?DG2a�?, a�?RECOVERYDESTa�?
asm_diskstring='ORCL:VOL*'
background_dump_dest=/u01/app/oracle/admin/+ASM/bdump
core_dump_dest=/u01/app/oracle/admin/+ASM/cdump
user_dump_dest=/u01/app/oracle/admin/+ASM/udump
instance_type=asm
large_pool_size=16M
remote_login_passwordfile=exclusive
+ASM1A.instance_number=1
+ASM1B.instance_number=2
2f.创建 ASM 口令文件。

使用 orapwd 实用程序在第一个节点上的 $ORACLE_HOME/dbs 中创建一个 orapw+ASM1A 文件。 

[oracle@salmon1]$ cd $ORACLE_HOME/dbs
[oracle@salmon1]$ orapwd file=orapw+ASM1A password=sys entries=5
2g.创建第一个 ASM 实例。

在第一个节点上创建第一个 ASM 实例。将 CRS 软件安装到第二个节点后，将在“后续安装”中创建第二个 ASM 实例。 

[oracle@salmon1]$ export ORACLE_SID=+ASM1A
[oracle@salmon1]$ sqlplus / as sysdba

SQL*Plus:Release 10.1.0.3.0 - Production on Thu May 26 05:51:07 2005
 
Copyright (c) 1982, 2004, Oracle.保留所有权利。
 
Connected to an idle instance.
 
SQL> startup
ORACLE instance started.
 
Total System Global Area  104857600 bytes
Fixed Size                   777616 bytes
Variable Size             104079964 bytes
Database Buffers           0 bytes
Redo Buffers                 0 bytes
ORA-15110:no diskgroups mounted
2h.创建 ASM 实例 spfile。

在 ASM 实例启动后立即创建一个 spfile。使用 spfile 文件，任何新建的磁盘组都将自动添加到 spfile 文件。 

SQL> create spfile from pfile;

File created.
2i.创建磁盘组。

创建三个磁盘组：DG1、DG2 和 RECOVERYDEST。DG1 和 DG2 将用于存储 Oracle 数据文件和重做日志。RECOVERYDEST 将用作闪回恢复区。 

SQL> create diskgroup dg1 normal redundancy
2  failgroup fg1a disk
3  'ORCL:VOL1','ORCL:VOL2'
4  failgroup fg1b disk
5  'ORCL:VOL3','ORCL:VOL4';
 
Diskgroup created.

SQL> create diskgroup dg2 normal redundancy
2  failgroup fg2a disk
3  'ORCL:VOL5','ORCL:VOL6'
4  failgroup fg2b disk
5  'ORCL:VOL7','ORCL:VOL8';
 
Diskgroup created.
 
SQL> create diskgroup recoverydest normal redundancy
2  failgroup fgrd1 disk
3  'ORCL:VOL9'
4  failgroup fgrd2 disk
5  'ORCL:VOL10';
 
Diskgroup created.

SQL> show parameter diskgroup
 
NAME                 TYPE        VALUE
------------------------------ -----------    -----------------------------
asm_diskgroups                 string         DG1, DG2, RECOVERYDEST

SQL>  select name,total_mb from v$asm_diskgroup;
 
NAME                           TOTAL_MB
-------------------------      -------------------
DG1                            36864
DG2                            36864
RECOVERYDEST                   73728
 
3 rows selected.

SQL>  select name,path,failgroup from v$asm_disk;
 
NAME         PATH               FAILGROUP
--------     ---------------    ----------------
VOL1         ORCL:VOL1          FG1A
VOL10        ORCL:VOL10         FGRD2
VOL2         ORCL:VOL2          FG1A
VOL3         ORCL:VOL3          FG1B
VOL4         ORCL:VOL4          FG1B
VOL5         ORCL:VOL5          FG2A
VOL6         ORCL:VOL6          FG2A
VOL7         ORCL:VOL7          FG2B
VOL8         ORCL:VOL8          FG2B
VOL9         ORCL:VOL9          FGRD1
 
10 rows selected.
2j.配置闪回恢复区。 
	
SQL> connect sys/sys@prod1 as sysdba
Connected.
SQL> alter database disable block change tracking;

Database altered.

SQL> alter system set db_recovery_file_dest_size=72G;

System altered.

SQL> alter system set db_recovery_file_dest=a�?+RECOVERYDESTa�?;

System altered.
2k.将数据文件移植到 ASM。

必须使用 RMAN 将数据文件移植到 ASM 磁盘组。所有数据文件都将移植到新创建的磁盘组 DG1。在 DG1 和 DG2 中创建重做日志和控制文件。在生产环境中，应将重做日志存储到与余下的 Oracle 数据文件不同的磁盘组和磁盘控制器上。 

SQL> connect sys/sys@prod1 as sysdba
Connected.
SQL> alter system set db_create_file_dest=a�?+DG1a�?;

System altered. 

SQL> alter system set control_files='+DG1/cf1.dbf' scope=spfile;

System altered.

SQL> shutdown immediate;

[oracle@salmon1]$ rman target /

RMAN> startup nomount;
 
Oracle instance started
 
Total System Global Area  419430400 bytes
Fixed Size                   779416 bytes
Variable Size             128981864 bytes
Database Buffers           289406976 bytes
Redo Buffers                 262144 bytes
 
RMAN> restore controlfile from '/u02/oradata/prod1/control01.ctl';
 
Starting restore at 26-MAY-05
using target database controlfile instead of recovery catalog
allocated channel:ORA_DISK_1
channel ORA_DISK_1:sid=160 devtype=DISK
 
channel ORA_DISK_1:copied controlfile copy
output filename=+DG1/cf1.dbf
Finished restore at 26-MAY-05

RMAN> alter database mount;
 
database mounted
released channel:ORA_DISK_1
 
RMAN> backup as copy database format '+DG1';

Starting backup at 26-MAY-05
allocated channel:ORA_DISK_1
channel ORA_DISK_1:sid=160 devtype=DISK
channel ORA_DISK_1:starting datafile copy
input datafile fno=00001 name=/u02/oradata/prod1/system01.dbf
output filename=+DG1/prod1/datafile/system.257.1 tag=TAG20050526T073442 recid=1 stamp=559294642
channel ORA_DISK_1:datafile copy complete, elapsed time: 00:02:49
channel ORA_DISK_1:starting datafile copy
input datafile fno=00003 name=/u02/oradata/prod1/sysaux01.dbf
output filename=+DG1/prod1/datafile/sysaux.258.1 tag=TAG20050526T073442 recid=2 stamp=559294735
channel ORA_DISK_1:datafile copy complete, elapsed time: 00:01:26
channel ORA_DISK_1:starting datafile copy
input datafile fno=00002 name=/u02/oradata/prod1/undotbs01.dbf
output filename=+DG1/prod1/datafile/undotbs1.259.1 tag=TAG20050526T073442 recid=3 stamp=559294750
channel ORA_DISK_1:datafile copy complete, elapsed time: 00:00:15
channel ORA_DISK_1:starting datafile copy
input datafile fno=00004 name=/u02/oradata/prod1/users01.dbf
output filename=+DG1/prod1/datafile/users.260.1 tag=TAG20050526T073442 recid=4 stamp=559294758
channel ORA_DISK_1:datafile copy complete, elapsed time: 00:00:07
channel ORA_DISK_1:starting datafile copy
copying current controlfile
output filename=+DG1/prod1/controlfile/backup.261.1 tag=TAG20050526T073442 recid=5 stamp=559294767
channel ORA_DISK_1:datafile copy complete, elapsed time: 00:00:08
Finished backup at 26-MAY-05

RMAN> switch database to copy;
 
datafile 1 switched to datafile copy "+DG1/prod1/datafile/system.257.1"
datafile 2 switched to datafile copy "+DG1/prod1/datafile/undotbs1.259.1"
datafile 3 switched to datafile copy "+DG1/prod1/datafile/sysaux.258.1"
datafile 4 switched to datafile copy "+DG1/prod1/datafile/users.260.1"

RMAN> alter database open;
 
database opened

RMAN> exit

SQL> connect sys/sys@prod1 as sysdba
Connected.
SQL> select tablespace_name, file_name from dba_data_files;
 
TABLESPACE               FILE_NAME                                          
---------------------    -----------------------------------------
USERS                    +DG1/prod1/datafile/users.260.1                             
SYSAUX                   +DG1/prod1/datafile/sysaux.258.1                          
UNDOTBS1                 +DG1/prod1/datafile/undotbs1.259.1                         
SYSTEM                   +DG1/prod1/datafile/system.257.1
2l.将临时表空间移植到 ASM。 
SQL> alter tablespace temp add tempfile size 100M;
 
Tablespace altered.

SQL> select file_name from dba_temp_files;
 
FILE_NAME              
-------------------------------------                            
+DG1/prod1/tempfile/temp.264.3
2m.将重做日志移植到 ASM。

删除现有的重做日志，并在 ASM 磁盘组 DG1 和 DG2 中重新创建它们。 

SQL> alter system set db_create_online_log_dest_1='+DG1';
 
System altered.
 
SQL> alter system set db_create_online_log_dest_2='+DG2';
 
System altered.

SQL> select group#, member from v$logfile;
 
GROUP#     MEMBER
---------------     ----------------------------------
1      /u03/oradata/prod1/redo01.log
2      /u03/oradata/prod1/redo02.log

SQL> alter database add logfile group 3 size 10M;

Database altered. 

SQL> alter system switch logfile;

System altered.

SQL> alter database drop logfile group 1; 

Database altered. 

SQL> alter database add logfile group 1 size 100M;

Database altered. 

SQL> alter database drop logfile group 2; 

Database altered. 

SQL> alter database add logfile group 2 size 100M;

Database altered. 

SQL> alter system switch logfile;

System altered.

SQL> alter database drop logfile group 3; 

Database altered.

SQL> select group#, member from v$logfile;
 
GROUP#     MEMBER
---------------     ----------------------------------------
1     +DG1/prod1/onlinelog/group_1.265.3  
1     +DG2/prod1/onlinelog/group_1.257.1  
2     +DG1/prod1/onlinelog/group_2.266.3  
2     +DG2/prod1/onlinelog/group_2.258.1
2n.从 spfile 文件创建 pfile 文件。

创建并保留数据库 pfile 的副本。您将稍后在“后续安装”中向 pfile 中添加更多的 RAC 特定参数。 

SQL> connect sys/sys@prod1 as sysdba
Connected.
SQL> create pfile='/tmp/tmppfile.ora' from spfile;

File created.
2o.添加其他控制文件。

如果需要其他控制文件以实现冗余，则可以在 ASM 中创建它,方法与在其他任何文件系统中创建相同。 

SQL> connect sys/sys@prod1 as sysdba
Connected to an idle instance.
SQL> startup mount
ORACLE instance started.
 
Total System Global Area  419430400 bytes
Fixed Size                   779416 bytes
Variable Size             128981864 bytes
Database Buffers           289406976 bytes
Redo Buffers                 262144 bytes
Database mounted.

SQL> alter database backup controlfile to '+DG2/cf2.dbf';
 
Database altered.
 
SQL> alter system set control_files='+DG1/cf1.dbf ','+DG2/cf2.dbf' scope=spfile;
 
System altered.
 
SQL> shutdown immediate; 
ORA-01109:database not open
 
Database dismounted.
ORACLE instance shut down.
SQL> startup
ORACLE instance started.
 
Total System Global Area  419430400 bytes
Fixed Size                   779416 bytes
Variable Size             128981864 bytes
Database Buffers           289406976 bytes
Redo Buffers                 262144 bytes
Database mounted.
Database opened.
SQL> select name from v$controlfile;

NAME
---------------------------------------
+DG1/cf1.dbf
+DG2/cf2.dbf
将所有数据文件成功移植到 ASM 后，将不再需要旧的数据文件并可以将其删除。您的单一实例数据库现在在 ASM 上运行！


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