sysctl调整Linux系统性
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用sysctl进行调整
Linux系统性能[转自phpfamer空间]
2008-01-29 17:49
sysctl是一个允许您改变正在运行中的Linux系统的接口。它包含一些 TCP/IP
堆栈和虚拟内存系统的高级选项, 这可以让有经验的管理员提高引人注目的系统性能。用sysctl可以读取设置超过五百个系统变量。基于这点,sysctl(8)提供两个功能:读取和修改系统设置。 查看所有可读变量: %sysctl
-a 读一个指定的变量,例如kern.maxproc: %sysctl kern.maxprockern.maxproc: 1044 要设置一个指定的变量,直接用variable=value这样的语法: #sysctl kern.maxfiles=5000 kern.maxfiles: 2088
-> 5000 您可以使用sysctl修改系统变量,也可以通过编辑sysctl.conf文件来修改系统变量。sysctl.conf 看起来很像rc.conf。它用variable=value的形式来设定值。指定的值在系统进入多用户模式之后被设定。并不是所有的变量都可以在这个模式下设定。 sysctl 变量的设置通常是字符串、数字或者布尔型。
(布尔型用1来表示'yes',用0来表示'no')。 sysctl -w kernel.sysrq=0 sysctl -w
kernel.core_uses_pid=1 sysctl -w
net.ipv4.conf.default.accept_redirects=0 sysctl -w
net.ipv4.conf.default.accept_source_route=0 sysctl -w
net.ipv4.conf.default.rp_filter=1 sysctl -w
net.ipv4.tcp_syncookies=1 sysctl -w
net.ipv4.tcp_max_syn_backlog=2048 sysctl -w
net.ipv4.tcp_fin_timeout=30 sysctl -w net.ipv4.tcp_synack_retries=2 sysctl
-w net.ipv4.tcp_keepalive_time=3600 sysctl -w
net.ipv4.tcp_window_scaling=1 sysctl -w
net.ipv4.tcp_sack=1
配置sysctl
编辑此文件:
vi
/etc/sysctl.conf
如果该文件为空,则输入以下内容,否则请根据情况自己做调整:
# Controls
source route verification # Default should work for all
interfaces net.ipv4.conf.default.rp_filter = 1 #
net.ipv4.conf.all.rp_filter = 1 # net.ipv4.conf.lo.rp_filter = 1 #
net.ipv4.conf.eth0.rp_filter = 1
# Disables IP source routing #
Default should work for all
interfaces net.ipv4.conf.default.accept_source_route = 0 #
net.ipv4.conf.all.accept_source_route = 0 #
net.ipv4.conf.lo.accept_source_route = 0 #
net.ipv4.conf.eth0.accept_source_route = 0
# Controls the System Request
debugging functionality of the kernel kernel.sysrq = 0
# Controls
whether core dumps will append the PID to the core filename. # Useful for
debugging multi-threaded applications. kernel.core_uses_pid = 1
#
Increase maximum amount of memory allocated to shm # Only uncomment if
needed! # kernel.shmmax = 67108864
# Disable ICMP Redirect
Acceptance # Default should work for all
interfaces net.ipv4.conf.default.accept_redirects = 0 #
net.ipv4.conf.all.accept_redirects = 0 # net.ipv4.conf.lo.accept_redirects =
0 # net.ipv4.conf.eth0.accept_redirects = 0
# Enable Log Spoofed
Packets, Source Routed Packets, Redirect Packets # Default should work for
all interfaces net.ipv4.conf.default.log_martians = 1 #
net.ipv4.conf.all.log_martians = 1 # net.ipv4.conf.lo.log_martians = 1 #
net.ipv4.conf.eth0.log_martians = 1
# Decrease the time default value for
tcp_fin_timeout connection net.ipv4.tcp_fin_timeout = 25
# Decrease
the time default value for tcp_keepalive_time
connection net.ipv4.tcp_keepalive_time = 1200
# Turn on the
tcp_window_scaling net.ipv4.tcp_window_scaling = 1
# Turn on the
tcp_sack net.ipv4.tcp_sack = 1
# tcp_fack should be on because of
sack net.ipv4.tcp_fack = 1
# Turn on the
tcp_timestamps net.ipv4.tcp_timestamps = 1
# Enable TCP SYN Cookie
Protection net.ipv4.tcp_syncookies = 1
# Enable ignoring broadcasts
request net.ipv4.icmp_echo_ignore_broadcasts = 1
# Enable bad error
message Protection net.ipv4.icmp_ignore_bogus_error_responses = 1
#
Make more local ports available # net.ipv4.ip_local_port_range = 1024
65000
# Set TCP Re-Ordering value in kernel to
‘5′ net.ipv4.tcp_reordering = 5
# Lower syn retry
rates net.ipv4.tcp_synack_retries = 2 net.ipv4.tcp_syn_retries =
3
# Set Max SYN Backlog to ‘2048′ net.ipv4.tcp_max_syn_backlog =
2048
# Various Settings net.core.netdev_max_backlog = 1024
#
Increase the maximum number of skb-heads to be
cached net.core.hot_list_length = 256
# Increase the tcp-time-wait
buckets pool size net.ipv4.tcp_max_tw_buckets = 360000
# This will
increase the amount of memory available for socket input/output
queues net.core.rmem_default = 65535 net.core.rmem_max =
8388608 net.ipv4.tcp_rmem = 4096 87380 8388608 net.core.wmem_default =
65535 net.core.wmem_max = 8388608 net.ipv4.tcp_wmem = 4096 65535
8388608 net.ipv4.tcp_mem = 8388608 8388608 8388608 net.core.optmem_max =
40960
如果希望屏蔽别人 ping 你的主机,则加入以下代码:
# Disable ping
requests net.ipv4.icmp_echo_ignore_all =
1
编辑完成后,请执行以下命令使变动立即生效:
/sbin/sysctl -p /sbin/sysctl -w
net.ipv4.route.flush=1 我们常常在 Linux 的 /proc/sys 目录下,手动设定一些 kernel 的参数或是直接 echo 特定的值给一个
proc下的虚拟档案,俾利某些档案之开启,常见的例如设定开机时自动启动 IP Forwarding: echo “1” >
/proc/sys/net/ipv4/ip_forward 其实,在 Linux 我们还可以用 sysctl command
便可以简易的去检视、设定或自动配置 特定的 kernel 设定。我们可以在系统提示符号下输入「sysctl
-a」,摘要如后:abi.defhandler_coff = 117440515 dev.raid.speed_limit_max =
100000 net.ipv4.conf.default.send_redirects = 1 net.ipv4.conf.default.secure_redirects = 1 net.ipv4.conf.default.accept_redirects = 1 net.ipv4.conf.default.mc_forwarding = 0 net.ipv4.neigh.lo.delay_first_probe_time = 5 net.ipv4.neigh.lo.base_reachable_time = 30 net.ipv4.icmp_ratelimit = 100 net.ipv4.inet_peer_gc_mintime = 10 net.ipv4.igmp_max_memberships = 20 net.ipv4.ip_no_pmtu_disc = 0 net.core.no_cong_thresh =
20 net.core.netdev_max_backlog = 300 net.core.rmem_default = 65535 net.core.wmem_max = 65535 vm.kswapd = 512 32 8 vm.overcommit_memory = 0 vm.bdflush = 30 64 64 256 500 3000 60 0 0 vm.freepages =
351 702 1053 kernel.sem = 250 32000 32 128 kernel.panic
= 0 kernel.domainname = (none) kernel.hostname =
pc02.shinewave.com.tw kernel.version = #1 Tue Oct 30 20:11:04 EST
2001 kernel.osrelease = 2.4.9-13 kernel.ostype = Linux fs.dentry-state = 1611 969 45 0 0 0 fs.file-nr = 1121 73
8192 fs.inode-state = 1333 523 0 0 0 0 0 从上述的语法我们大概可看出
sysctl 的表示法乃把目录结构的「/」以「.」表示,一层一层的连结下去。当然以echo 特定的值给一个 proc下的虚拟档案也是可以用
sysctl加以表示,例如: #sysctl –w net.ipv4.ip_forward =”1” 或是直接在 /etc/sysctl.conf 增删修改特定档案的 0,1值亦可: # Enables
packet forwarding net.ipv4.ip_forward = 1 # Enables
source route verification net.ipv4.conf.default.rp_filter = 1 # Disables the magic-sysrq key kernel.sysrq = 0 当然如果考虑 reboot 后仍有效, 直接在 /etc/sysctl.conf 增删修改特定档案的
0,1值才可使之保留设定(以RedHat 为例,每次开机系统启动后, init 会执行 /etc/rc.d/rc.sysinit,便会使用
/etc/sysctl.conf 的预设值去执行 sysctl)。 相关参考档案: /sbin/sysctl /etc/sysctl.conf sysctl 及sysctl.conf manpage /usr/src/linux-x.y.z/Documentation/sysctl/* /usr/share/doc/kernel-doc-x.y.z/sysctl/*
(RedHat) |
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